Education of the countryside at a crossroads: rural social movements and national policy reform in Brazil

This contribution explores the strategies used by popular movements seeking to advance social reforms, and the challenges once they succeed. It analyzes how a strategic alliance between the Brazilian Landless Workers Movement (MST) and the National Confederation of Agricultural Workers (CONTAG) transformed the Ministry of Education's official approach to rural schooling. This success illustrates the critical role of international allies, political openings, framing, coalitions and state–society alliances in national policy reforms. The paper also shows that once movements succeed in advancing social reforms, bureaucratic tendencies such as internal hierarchy, rapid expansion and ‘best practices’ – in addition to the constant threat of cooptation – can prevent their implementation.     

浅析国内府际博弈模式的缺陷与重构

本文通过归纳美国州际契约的成功要点，得出府际博弈“达优解”几个要件，即博弈主体地位独立而平等、获取资源的机会均等，博弈规则具法律效力、信息沟通快速顺畅，重视长期利益和相对利益等，认为造成目前我国府际博弈现状与“达优解”状态之间的差距的原因主要有传统的行政等级影响、获取资源的机会不公平，信息沟通机制滞后等因素，并提出相应的对策建议。     

从中国近现代史的四个关键问题看马克思主义的中国化

鸦片战争代表着"中国"历史的中断,鸦片战争后"天下"为"世界"所取代,"中国"史融入了"世界"史。从这一语境中重新审视马克思主义对于中国和世界的意义,我们提出和回答四个关键问题:中国近代是谁的"近代";"中华人民共和国"是什么性质的国家;中国特色社会主义是不是"社会主义";科学发展观是哪种意义上的"科学"。从这里可以看到,马克思主义的"中国化"和中国的"马克思主义化"构成了中国融入"世界"的同一过程的两个侧面。     

自然资源国家所有权之国家所有制说

财产权的宪法史可分为人权财产权和国家财产制两个阶段。自然资源归国家所有是国家财产制的组成部分，是现代宪法创设的用以实现国家目的的手段，其基本特征是国家垄断，其基本工具价值是垄断。以权利观审视自然资源国家所有权，它具有主体的唯一性和权利的专有性、不可变更性和价值优先性等特点。宪法上的自然资源国家所有权的实质是国家权力，是管理权，而非自由财产权。     

Contesting Ideologies: Deconstructing Racism in African-American Fiction

Baillie's article is concerned with how African-American fiction seeks to define and shape an aesthetic in opposition to racial ideologies as diffused through science, education and popular culture. In an examination of Count Joseph de Gobineau's Essai sur l'inégalité des races humaines (1853-5), it traces the construction of racialized discourse in nineteenth-century America. Baillie examines Toni Morrison's first novel The Bluest Eye (1970) in terms of Morrison's engagement with nineteenth-century racial theory and its implicit presence within ideologies of beauty and American popular culture of the 1930s. Through the figure of Shirley Temple, Morrison shows how the African-American community's internalization of cinematic images of beauty can lead to a psychosis that leaves identity fractured and the racial self all but erased. As well as reading The Bluest Eye as both a critique of scientific racism and as an historical novel in sustained debate with the cultural hegemony of the 1930s, Baillie examines its significance as a text in dialogue with the social and political milieu in which it was written. Here, The Bluest Eye becomes an intervention into the affirmative aesthetic of 1960s Black Power politics and its extreme proclamations of racial pride rooted firmly in black lower-class expression. She discusses the Black Power movement's appropriation of Frantz Fanon's theories and argues that Morrison's own articulation of a black identity eschews the nationalism of Black Power, and instead finds its focus in the political contestation of ideologies through the expression of African-American art forms. The Bluest Eye is an oppositional narrative that draws on western forms and yet privileges African-American vernacular as a counter-balance to language as a vehicle for ideologies of beauty and scientific racism.     

大规模侵权救济问题研究

大规模侵权责任须符合侵权责任构成要件，可以被纳入侵权责任法的调整范围，且受害者众多，发生原因同一或同质，救济困难。从我国法制环境看，产品责任、药品责任和环境污染责任是主要的大规模侵权责任类型。目前对此种侵权损害的救济方式主要有大规模侵权损害救济基金、责任保险、惩罚性赔偿和举证责任倒置及连带赔偿责任。对于此四种救济方式而言，法技术上的可为之处主要在于认定此类侵害行为与损害结果之间的因果关系及被告之间的责任承担。在因果关系的认定上，应适用举证责任倒置规则，由被告证明其行为与损害没有因果关系。在责任承担上，由加害者在无法反证其不应承担责任的情形下，对受害者承担连带责任。     

违反勤勉义务之董事对债权人的责任承担

我国《公司法司法解释三》第十三条第四款规定股东在增资阶段未履行或者未全面履行出资义务,债权人可以请求未尽勤勉义务的董事承担责任,但就责任的性质和责任的承担方式没有进行规定。董事对债权人承担的责任性质应当是侵权责任,承担责任份额的大小,应当结合过错、原因力和公司法保护利益的特殊性等因素综合考量。董事在违反勤勉义务的情况下,应当对债权人承担不真正连带责任。     

增设危险驾驶机动车罪必要性论证

对于我国《刑法修正案（八）》增设危险驾驶机动车罪,学者观点不一。犯罪圈的划定有其特定的标准：即行为的严重社会危害性及现行立法规制力的不足。以此为标准,则完全有必要将危险驾驶机动车行为纳入刑事法律的评价视域。     

新形势下加强公安机关群众工作的几点思考

在新形势下,公安机关既是执法机关,又是群众工作机关,公安民警既是执法者,又是群众工作者.我们加强群众工作,一要抓“严”,做强主业维护稳定;二要抓“小”,办好小事树立形象;三要抓“新”,与时俱进寻求突破;四要抓“近”,以人为本贴近群众,把群众工作优良传统发扬光大,进一步提高人民群众对公安工作的满意度.     

人民监督员的制度化发展研究

人民监督员制度从试点运行至今已有十年时间,作为一项新生制度,人民监督员制度在这十年间接受了来自社会各方的多角度评价,其制度本身也在与实践的不断融合中被催生出多种发展可能。现阶段的人民监督员制度在其发展成熟的过程中不可避免地存在着一些影响其深层次发展的问题,不仅体现在内部运行中,同样体现在外部参与中。只有敢于跳出现的有人民监督员制度的推行方式,有次序地从根本性问题入手进行制度完善,建立真正获益于整体的制度模式才能真正有效地促进人民监督员制度的长期、稳定发展。